Are you ready to leave behind the tarred roads and head out into the rugged world of off-road adventures? If you’re planning on exploring some of South Africa’s scenic but less accessible routes, this guide will cover the essentials to get you started with 4×4 driving.
Understanding Your 4×4
Before you tackle any trail, familiarise yourself with the basic features of your vehicle. A 4×4, or four-wheel-drive, distributes power to all four wheels at the same time, so it’s more capable of handling tough terrain than a standard two-wheel-drive vehicle. Let’s look at some basics you should know.
4WD System
Most modern 4x4s allow you to switch between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive (4WD). On normal roads, you’ll use two-wheel drive. However, when the terrain gets rough, engage the 4WD system for better grip.
Transfer Case
Your 4×4’s transfer case helps distribute power to the front and rear axles, which is what enables the 4×4 functionality. It’s very important to know how to engage it – high-range for mild off-road conditions, and low-range (or low gear) for steep inclines or deep mud – before you head out.
Owner’s Manual
Every 4×4 is different, and your vehicle’s owner’s manual will be able to explain how to engage and disengage features like differential locks, hill descent control, and more. Take the time to read it – it’s your first step to mastering your 4×4 vehicle.
Getting Ready for Your First Drive
Your first 4×4 adventure shouldn’t be an extreme expedition. Start on easier terrain to familiarise yourself with how your vehicle reacts. The following tips will help you when getting started.
Practise in a Low-Risk Environment
Find a flat off-road trail or empty field where you can practise. This way, you can safely get a feel for how the steering wheel responds, how the 4WD system works, and how your vehicle reacts in different scenarios.
Lower the Tyre Pressure
When on rocky or sandy terrain, slightly deflating your tyres will offer better grip. A good starting point is around 1.2 to 1.5 bar if you’re driving on sand and 1.5 to 1.9 bar where it’s rocky or muddy, but your specific vehicle and the terrain will be the ultimate deciding factor.
Know When to Engage 4WD
For everyday road driving, 4WD isn’t necessary and can even damage your vehicle over time. However, if you’re going to be venturing out into the mud, through sand, or over steep inclines, engaging the 4WD system will give you much better control and traction.
Top 7 Techniques for 4×4 Driving
The more time you spend off-road, the more you’ll learn how your 4×4 handles different obstacles. To get you started on the right foot, practise the following basics.
Go Slow and Steady
Driving slowly increases the likelihood that all the wheels are in contact with the terrain, which lowers the risk of you damaging your vehicle. In low-range, use the first or second gear to help you climb obstacles at a controlled speed.
Choose Your Path Wisely
Always take the path with the least resistance and risk of damaging your vehicle. If you’re feeling unsure, walk ahead and survey the area. This will give you a better perspective on the terrain you’re dealing with.
Use the Diff-Lock Smartly
Your vehicle’s differential lock, or diff-lock, gives you maximum traction on slippery surfaces, such as loose rocks, boulders, wet mud, or on terrain where not all your wheels are touching the ground at the same time.
Engage it only when necessary and drive slowly when you do, as it can damage the vehicle when engaged for too long, at speeds higher than 40 km/hr, or when cornering. It can also destabilise the vehicle, putting you in danger.
Engage Hill Descent Control When Necessary
If your 4×4 is equipped with hill descent control, use it for driving downhill and steep slopes. This system uses anti-lock braking (ABS) and traction control systems to keep the tyres from slipping. It also helps you control your speed, letting you focus on steering.
Avoid Too Much Power
When climbing, too much power can cause your wheels to spin and lose traction. Apply only enough throttle to maintain momentum.
Always Have a Backup
If you’re heading into remote terrain, never go alone. It’s best to take more experienced off-road drivers with you on your adventure. A second vehicle can also be a lifesaver if you get stuck.
Terrain-Specific Tips
Each type of surface or terrain presents unique challenges, so it’s important to know how to adjust your driving to different surfaces.
Mud
Engage 4WD low-range and use steady momentum to keep moving. Avoid sudden stops and sharp turns, as this will only dig your wheels deeper into the mud.
Sand
Lower the tyre pressure to create a larger surface area, to prevent from sinking. Maintain momentum and avoid sudden acceleration or deceleration, as this can lead to getting stuck. Always park downhill to make it easier to pull away.
Rocks
Approach rocky terrain slowly and use your vehicle’s diff-lock to maintain traction. Aim for the rocks, and let your tyres absorb the impact rather than dodging them to limit the chance of damaging your tyre sidewalls. Also, be sure to avoid sudden bursts of power that could cause your tyres to slip.
Tools, Gears and Extras to Consider
While most 4x4s come well-equipped for off-road driving, there are a few extras to consider to improve your overall experience.
Recovery Kit
Always carry a recovery kit with straps, shackles, a winch, rope, and a heavy-duty off-road jack. Make sure you know how to use these tools, as they can save you when you get stuck.
Air Compressor and Tyre Gauge
When off-roading, particularly in sand or mud, being able to adjust your tyre pressure is absolutely necessary. Bring along a portable air compressor and gauge to help you maintain the ideal tyre pressure in every type of terrain.
Upgraded Tyres
If you’re serious about off-roading, invest in high-quality all-terrain or mud-terrain tyres. These are designed to handle tougher conditions and offer better traction.
Don’t Forget Safety
4×4 driving can be exhilarating, but safety always comes first. Start with the basics, practice on milder terrain, and don’t push your limits too quickly. Also, make sure your vehicle is in top condition, especially the brakes, steering, and tyres before you start your adventure.
Disclaimer
The article aims to provide South Africans with basic knowledge of 4×4 driving. However, always do your independent research.
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